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Road traffic of 91 years
Safe and enforce the law seminar
The Republic of China is 91 Annual October
Assessment of abolishing the material of rubber for tire and applying the safety devices of road traf fic is analysed
Li KeCong An old Yu is bold 2
Summary
Because social economy grows up fast in recent years, the frequency of utilization of vehicle increases rapidly, is it abolish the tire to cause
The issue on environmental protection derived is serious day by day. Audit Taiwan 88 of administrations according to environmental protection year authentication last tir e's back to
The accepting amount nearly has 90,000 metric tons, and while increasing fast by proportion of 5 of every year; However, still there is not one set that have now domestically
The result solves and deals with the way to get a permanent cure to abolish the tire. For abolish tire punish way of conduct adopted, heavy countries all over the world at present
Cause and can be divided into burying, prototype utilizing, old tire making again, such methods as the energy retrieves and utilizes and mincing and grinding utilizing again again.
Among them, is it is it punish the method to abolish tire, not only take the masses of land area to bury to utilize, and also unable effective root
Originally solve the handling problem of abolishing the tire.
In addition, the government has increased the investment in road traffic construction by a large margin in these d ecades, although this measure can reach Shu
Solve the goal of the rate of traffic flow, but the traffic safety subject derived thereupon is that relevant responsible institutions are indisc reet and negligent; From
It is great in every can find obviously statistical data of traffic accident, reason not trouble-making of it except that driver reason speed, too fast not own
Or neglect etc.
Reason; This phenomenon also takes place in the construction area of the roads at all levels too. All this are all the government unit, to one in the past
The way safety devices have not paid attention to the situations caused actively.
In view of the above reasons, this research plans to cut from the angle which improves the safety devices of road traffic, combine and abolish the tire again
The environmental protection idea utilized, the subject research of going on ' abolish the material of rubber for tire and apply to the safety de vices of road traffic '.
With relevant thing materials making rubber spacer,etc. after collecting and after collecting and abolishing the tire and resolving while studying, research and analyse at the same time
Technology that the safety devices of domestic and international road traffic are correlated with and stipulating, the stage through testing now go on in advance finally
Analyse afterwards, and then assess its feasibility. With the efforts of this research, on one hand not only can reach and abolish articles
Environmental protection goal of recycle treatment again, can solve the shelter problem of the safety island of the road completely on the other hand, and then reduce
The extent of damage of the people car, will have the benefitting of positive front so to the goal which promotes the traffic safety of the r oad.
One, preface
Because social economy grows up fast in recent years, the frequency of utilization of vehicle increases rapidly, is it abolish the tire to cause
The issue on environmental protection derived is serious day by day. Taiwan according to environmental protection 88 of administrations audit year authentication last tir e's back to
The accepting amount nearly has 90,000 metric tons, and while increasing fast with 5% of the proportions of every year; However, still there is not one set that have now domestically
1 meets with nail's traffic engineering of the university and department's associate professor of man agement
2 meets with nail's traffic engineering of the university and research institute of management and st udies a assistant
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The result solves and deals with the way to get a permanent cure to abolish the tire. Abolish tire have bulky full of elasticity difficult living beings
Characteristic of resolving etc., so encounter quite great difficulty in dealing with, and the one that pile and put abolishes the tire besides hindering sighting,
Apt to cause fire and is it fall ill threat, matchmaker of mosquito to multiply. Side that the countries all over the world deal with the conduct adopted in abolishing the tire at pr esent
The type, it can be divided into and buried that roughly, the prototype is utilized, the old foetus is made again, the energy retrieves and utilizes and minces and grinds utilizing again again
Wait for the method. Among them, is it is it punish the method to abolish tire, not only take the masses of land area to bury to utilize, and does not also have
France solves the handling problem of abolishing the tire effectively at all. In addition, since ten major construction begin, the government, to the road traffic
The investment of construction is increasing by a large margin, a good and fast driving environment that it really offers and uses passerbies, reach
Get to Shu and solve the goal of the rate of traffic flow. Though it is like this, the traffic safety subject derived thereupon is in charge of relevantly singly
Location the indiscreet and negligent one; Since every it is great can find obviously statistical data of traffic accident, reason not trouble-making of it except that driver
One's own reason speed too quick is it drive behavior act as outside, shortage, road of safety devices lead to the fact unable to withdraw to neglecting
It is another main factor in fact to support the person who uses way key shelter. And the construction of roads at all levels of Taiwan is built
And the maintenance work is very frequent, this also causes the remaining high of regional contingency of whole construction indirectly, let
The whole society pays the considerable social cost. All this are all the government unit, in order to knock into and have to the road safety slowly in the past
Construct and has not paid attention to the situations caused actively.
In view of the above reasons, this research shows that if can abolish the tire to retrieve, utilize its relevant thing characteristics,
Will abolish the powder of rubber for tire and utilize making of the safety devices of road traffic a nd load it onto the easy dangerous way to cause trouble again
Section is had, on one hand not only can reach and abolish the environmental protection goal of recycle treatment aga in of articles, can solve completely on the other hand
Shelter question of the safety island of the road, and then reduce the extent of damage of the people car; Finally, can be because of abolishing a rubber powder
And then utilize the low cost advantage of technology, on knocking into the extensive cloth of facility and going in the roads at all levels to the speed wh en be located and low slowly,
Have the benefitting of positive front so to the goal which promotes the traffic safety of the road.
Two, document retrospect
Because this research plans to abolish the material of rubber for tire to apply to the safety devices of road traffic, so differentiate the needle followingly
It is to abolishing by thinging of tire, abolish treatment way of tire, ' abolish the materials the relevant to use for rubber for tire ' and ' line
Present situation of the distance traffic safety devices ' act as a retrospect, go on continuously so as to is it study to help.
2.1 Abolish the present situation analysis of the tire
Take U.S.A. as an example, produce 230* 10 to abolish the tire in 1990, with rate of increase of 4% - 5% every year,
Increased and abolished the tire to 280* 10 in until 1997. Cross
Go over several years, the scientist, engineers have been devoted to abolishing the recovery research of the tire all the time. In 1990, U.S.A.
Abolished only 11% of rate of recovery of the tire, in but up to 1997, its rate of recovery has already been increased to 81%. And according to the country
The interior environmental protection administration estimates, from the 72nd year of the Republic of China to 78 years, Taiwan accumulated and exceeded abolishing the tire of 50 ten thousand tons,
These abolish the tires to mostly pile up at will in open-air way at that time, not only apt to cause the fire, but also will be because of water accumulation
Spurt and fall ill matchmaker's mosquito, cause the harm analogous to the degree to the lives and properties. Our country discards tire, rubber,etc.
Thing, the government all concludes the concrete recovery plan, especially retrieve the efforts of the foundation in the environmental protection administration offa l in recent years
Leave, the amount of tire abolished accumulated has already been presented trend reduced year by year by 13 ten thousand 6 kilotons before the 85th year of the Republic of China, but cut
Up till now, abolish the tire and still grow up by about 12 ten thousand 5 kilotons of speed every year (as form 1 shows) . 1998
When abolish by retrieving amount tire not making an appointment to 105,000 MT, abolished rubber as 60,610MT at home. The largest abandonment of the present stage
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The thing is the waste plastics, up to 1,000,000 MT of its discarding amount on the every year, it if can have rate of recovery promoted to more than 50% (namely
500,000 MT / annual recovery amount) ,Can lower its impact to the environment by a wide margin. So, seek more abolishing
The tire utilizes the way again, there are its necessity and urgency positively. In addition, abolish resources of the tire to retrieve from the legal person of the financial group
The materials which manage the board of trustee of funds show, our country produces abolishing the tire of 10 ten thousand metric tons at least every year, and at present
Abolish according to executive organ environmental protection administration tire retrieve price as f orm 2 shows on announce will it be June 17 one year.
Form 1 abolishes the retrieving amount of the tire, handling capacity and statistical form storing quantity
Year Retrieving amount ( Kg) Handling capacity ( Kg) Storing amount ( Kg)
79/10~84/12 284,922,157 148,981,911 136,010,246
85/01~85/12 82,062,384 88,521,086 -6,458,702
86/01~86/12 59,172,750 63,036,936 -125,687,358
Adding up to amount is 426,157,291 300,539,933 125,687,358
Source of the materials: Abolish the tire and deal with the foundation.
Form 2 abolishes the tire and retrieves and deals with rate
Specification classification of the current tire Weight Price Annual sales volume Current rate
10 internal diameters " following and motor tire " ------10 yuan each
Internal diameter 12" -14" ------50 yuan each
Internal diameter 15" -19" ------60 yuan each
Internal diameter 20 " -23 " 1,000- 5 40kg, 00 / pieces of 30 ten thousand 150 yuan each
Internal diameter 10 " the above and special tire 15,000 of 70- 80kg / pieces of 400,000 300 yuan each " .
Source of the materials: Abolish the tire and deal with the foundation.
2.2 Abolish the thing of the tire
Abolish the tire to make up by such materials as rubber, carbon black, steel wire and nylon fibre,etc.,
Rubber, vulcanized agent, sulphurating the promoter, promoter, antioxidant, strengthening the pharmaceutical, packing material, softenning the pharmaceutical and dyeing
Color pharmaceutical,etc.. (The following form 3 Show) .
Among them, rubber weight account for the whole 70% more than of foetus, and composition of rubber stem from petroleum natural mainly
And formate such two kinds as the organic compound, etc., This kind of synthetic rubber one
Chemical composition is mainly styrene - man two alkene (styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR) With gathering man two alkene
( butadiene rubber) . Dr.eye: ( butadiene rubber) . Load in the tire as for the carbon black, mending strong using as the vulcanized rubber, it is
A kind of packing increasing the bond steadily. Dr.eye: A kind of packing increasing the bond steadily. The so-called benefit is strong ( reinforcement) ,It is when two kinds of materials are combined,
Each other's mechanical nature cooperates in order to make up the weak point each other. Generally speaking, the tensile strength after the pure rubber is sulphurated
Less than 350psi at least, but if after putting into 50% of carbon black, then tensile strength can be improved to 3500psi.
In addition, the function of the vulcanized agent is for making the rubber chain handed in, in order to unite into three-dimensional space and weave nettedly, compose at the same time
Physical property that my products hope. And its, also in order to sulphurate the main source of the element in the tire. Soften dose and
Can be called the plastification pharmaceutical, it is mainly ore oil and tar products, its function is to promote the sizing material to mix, increase elasticity, produce
Grow the strength of sticking.
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Form 3 abolishes the basic composition of the tire to make up
Composition Backbone thing
Rubber Natural rubber, synthetic rubber
Vulcanized agent Sulphur, organic sulphur
Sulphurate the promoter Comparable to the frustrating type promoter
Promoter Oxidize zinc, hard fatty acid
Antioxidant Fitting type antioxidant, phenol antioxidant, wax
Strengthen the pharmaceutical Carbon black, white carbon
Packing material Calcium carbonate, clay
Soften the pharmaceutical Petroleum course oil, pine tar, fragrant oil
Coloring agent Titanium white, oxidizing the zinc
Source of the materials: Abolish the powder recycle treatment technology of rubber for tire and application plan [1 ] of deriv ed products.
2.3 Abolish the treatment way of the tire
Bury the treatment way which abolishes the tire mainly at present, the prototype is utilized, the energy is retrieved and utilized and minced again
Grind four kinds of utilizing again etc. Will sum up it leaving now:
2.3.1 Bury
Abolish tire is it occupy huge space to bury, is it reduce life-span to bury field to cause; Abolish the tire covering separately
Assemble and collects the marsh gas and will emerge from the earth's surface after burying some time while burying the field, destroy and cover the soil layer, cause another kind to endanger
Hurt. So bury after usually needing to abolish the tire and mince, result in burying the increase of the expenses.
2.3.2 The prototype utilizing
The so-called prototype of abolishing the tire is utilized, can divide in order that ' the direct original is utilized ' with ' the old foetus is looked through and made ',etc. two mainly
Way. Among them, after the direct original is utilized to abolish the tire but made up by all kinds of model, can be used in directly
Anticollision, coast defend wave, slope defend break out, artificial fish reef,etc. place. This kind of application does not need advanced technology, hold
Easy, but its association expenses are on the high side, so use the quantity to be still limited. Turn over and make as for the old tire, will abolish the tire
Is it it blows to be except that treated to go on the foetus, stick the new child making their become recycled foetus. And recycled foetus but because of considering safely
The price is similar to looks of the price of the new tire, so most users, still all in order to consider with the new tire at present.
2.3.3 The energy retrieving and utilizing again
Among them, it will be that the so-called heat is solved
Abolish tire is it under which is short of oxygen environment, utilize heating way organic chemical bond among them destroy so as to produce the new thing to put Dr.eye: Abolish tire is it under which is short of oxygen environment, utilize heating way organic chemical bond among them destroy so as to produce the new thing to put
Quality. Can produce such materials as heavy oil, carbon black, rubber residue, copper wire and coal gas,etc. So so
It is the average abolish each metric ton by tire not can produce not lasting heavy oil, the the carbon black, the the rubber residues of 190 kgs of 130 kg of 300kging and
Copper wire of 30 kg. But it deals with cost quite high, does not have economic benefits. On the other hand, because the tire includes
The energy looks is higher than coal of every grade. So, the pure rubber tyre after burning cuts the energy produced into slices about
16000But/lb, including steel wire and cotton yarn to abolish tire is it can produce 14200 But/lb to cut into slice s, including cotton yarn to abolish tire break to pieces
Slice can produce 15500 But/lb. It is only about 13700 But/lb and 12750 to review the energy included of the coking coal and anthraci te
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But/lb. Because of this, real to can is it burn way is it is it abolish tire heat sucked to retrieve to come to utilize, in order to reduce the use of the coal,
Solve and abolish piling the problem of putting of the tire. It is like this, but not at environmental consciousness a surging today, whose name is general for people to
The demands of the public hazards two times and degree of accepting are tight and severe day by day, so while setting up and abolishing the tire and burning the factory, must still be detailed
Thin planning and analogous to the investment of the degree, in order to avoid producing resentment.
2.3.4 Mince and grind utilizing again
Generally speaking, abolish mincing the way including two kinds of the tire: First in order to be minced by the slicer under the normal atmospheric temperature, it
Two, in order to be crushed by the ultra-low temperature pulverizer after freezing through the liquid nitr ogen. Abolish tire is it grind to mince and steel wire and fibre
,etc. can obtain after separating grains of foot-path not tiny(O 5mm) Rubber powder, and then add the rubber powder in other things
Do into application in the quality. Have already added the rubber powder in the pitch to make into the rubber pitch at present, has added in the concrete
Make various kinds of rubber products in raw materials, run such as the expressway guardrail, road junction of the railway, artificial turf, stadium
Protect the cushion, rubber board etc.
Sex strong, sound insulation result getting good outside the advantage, yet difficult and full of cracks wearing out. In addition, also have rubber concrete, rubber Dr.eye: In addition, also have rubber concrete, rubber
The application of the glue earthwork, its cardinal principle is to lie in adding and changing the structural material of traditional buildi ng to mix of rubber powder
Square and nature, so can be regarded as the wide application of the multiuse.
The countries all over the world are still in the majority by way of burying for abolishing the treat ment of the tire at present, Israel and U.S.A., Britain and Italy
Wait for country as example, to abolish tire is it bury law is it punish to come to use about over 60% [3 ]. But the countries all over the world are right to abolish at present
Terms of burying of the tire have strict restriction, and Holland will have already booked and totally forbidden abolishing the tire to cover tomorrow of A.D. 2000
Law buried. Sum up such various countries as Europe, the United States and Japan,etc. in form 4 to the treatment way which abolish the tire now.
2.4 Abolish relevant research that the material of rubber for tire uses
Wang YiYu and Zhang ZhenRong,etc.
Discretion is for it. Is it limited to Taiwan to be land resource limited to limit, is it bury law is not it suit very much to punish to adopt; And spread
Interconnected system hot cracked method, the quality of burnt carbon produced and made by it is not good, and the cost of the refined burnt carbon is too high, it is unable to solve
A large number of handling problem of abolishing the tire; In addition, over the last several years, although the government has been advocating it by way of subsidizing the fuel all the time
To deal with the problem which abolishes the tire, only resisting and taking action to nearby residents constantly strandedly, cause and push away
But there is no progress at all to walk for several years. So far, there is not one set yet at home to solve the treatment way to abolish the tire at all. In view of this,
This research then proposes that if can retrieves the resource thing via the hot splitting decomposit ion of LOTCAP, can produce the very considerable energy,
Also there is greatest benefitting to the national environmental protection image.
As for the scientific and technological advisor's commission plan case in the room of the Ministry of Communications ' abolish the tire and apply the feasibility research that fills to the highway
(the second issue) ', its main lie in soil not different purpose and it abolish there aren't tire the chip mixed proportion s
Physics and mechanics inside are tested, in order to understand its project nature. Find while studying that can regard it as the light quality to abolish chip of the tire
: Pack materials, while constructing and using at the scene, besides considering lightenning load, also need to weigh and tamp the difficulty or ease of the result
In addition, it is higher than backfill material of general pure soil to abolish the water permeability of packing the material of chip of the tire far, contribute to arranging
Water lighten load, and a different one is it cut the intensity of strength with soil particle and abolish chip of the ti re than offer to mix
Making the effect and changing each other of one.
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Form 4 Europe, the United States and Japan various countries abolish child punish the present situation and plan in the future
Country origin Abolish the output of the tire every year Deal with the way currently Plan in the futu re
Germany 64.5 Ten thousand tons
1. Cement plant ( 26%)
2. Other heat energy are utilized again ( 2%)
3. The tire renovating ( 15%)
4. Reclaimed rubber, rubber powder ( 7%)
5. The original utilizing ( 2%)
6. Section ( 8%)
7. Bury, hoard ( 40%)
1. Set up and burn the field
2. Develop new recovery to utilize
3. Technology
4. Application of road engineering
France 400,000 tons are mostly buried ( 26%) Set up and burn the equipment
Britain 450,000 tons
1. Bury, hoard ( 67%)
2. Energy (moisture mud kiln) ( 9%)
3. Make base again ( 18%)
4. Reclaimed rubber ( 6%)
1. Burn and generate electricity
2. Road engineering
Italy 270,000 tons
1. Make base again ( 25%)
2. Regeneration (rubber powder) ( 6%)
3. Heat energy utilizing ( 4%) Dr.eye: 3. Heat energy utilizing ( 4%)
4. Other use ( 5%)
5. Bury ( 60%)
Burn in order to retrieve the energy
U.S.A. 2.76 Ten thousand tons
Bury or hoard ( 68%)
2. The energy retrieving ( 10%)
3. Reclaimed rubber (powder) ( 5%)
4. Pitch rubber ( 1%)
5. Make base again ( 12%)
6. Output ( 4%)
1. Burn and is regarded as the fuel
2. Make rubber pitch
3. Mix rubber powder and high polymer
Shut, in order to make the new one and add costlily
Products
Japan 840,000 tons
1. Energy, the moisture mud kiln (43%)
2. Make base again ( 9%)
3. Reclaimed rubber ( 12%)
4. Output ( 25%)
5. Other ( 11%)
1. Recycled glue
2. Make base again
3. Output
4. Utilization of energy
Source of the materials: This research is put in order.
2.5 Present situation analysis of the safety devices of road traffic
With two the north being high bordering on in the west through streeting and ring through street develop after finishing in succession outside the every big city district,
It is it use passerby one good fast driving environment to offer really, reach Shu solve goal of rate of traffic flow; But the place thereupon
The road traffic safety question derived, is unexpected. Sum up the statistical data of the great traffic accident
Can obviously find, it is trouble-making happen at before dawn time mostly time,and reason not trouble-making of it except that driver, because of speed
Too quick and neglecting etc. drives the behavior and does not act as outside ing, the shortage of the road safety devices, it is unable to offer a key to the person who uses way to cause
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The shelter of the sex, is a main factor of another one in fact. In addition, because the construction of the roads at all levels is built and maintained very much
Frequent, cause a lot of to lose because of lacking regional anticollision facilities of proper construction valuably with passerby and constructors
The life, also let the whole society pay the considerable social cost. Detailed to study carefully reason its, domestic safety devices set up norm attain
Exhaustive, fail to introduce the foreign safety devices in line with the local conditions again, in addition, executive programs setting up the safety devices are not enough
Clear, all this are all a main reason to cause great life and property loss. As regards project angle, the safe road is handed in
The open system is besides should possess such terms as good geometry designs, shop front quality,etc. ing, should also include the perfect traffic to fit
The whole facility, what is called perfect traffic safety devices, namely must warn, guide, cause, district separate and protect etc. four major
Function. On one hand the establishment of such safety devices can reduce the road and design improperly or because the topographical environment exercise restraint in sending
Grow potential and dangerous possibility, the severity that another respect can be reduced when the contingency happen and huge society derived
Know the cost.
Generally speaking, the safety devices of road traffic can be divided into generally class IIly, including early warning facilities, with buffering and protecting facilities.
Among them, early warning facilities include sign, marking, number will,etc., set up in the apt trouble-making highway section mainly or hinder potential and dangerously
Before troubling things, in order to remind a driver of improving attention, and then prevent the contingency from happenning. Buffer the security as for colliding
Facilities are a localized traffic safe protection facility, it is usually set up in the rigidity barrier moving
Ago, do not reduce the principle according to the kinetic energy or the momentum, impel the vehicle while taking place in accidental collision, can moderate and stop steadily
Or lead and advance in the direction again, and then lower the severity of the contingency. Know and offer the passing through in the district with Taibei
Foundation of traffic, new born overpass and ring river through street example, overhead or really establishment of through street these
Undertake and improve the function congested in traffic. But the road traffic safety question derived thereupon, is relevant forms
Location the unexpected one. From the 1st of January, the 85th year of the Republic of China to March 7, the 86th year of the Republic of China, above-mentioned three were main and high
Shelf road take place 20 great traffic accident accident altogether, cause 17 deaths, 7 severely injured people. Among them, nearly eighty-percent of the accidents
Relating to come in and go out in the ring road,as for 85 year Taibei city number of times not trouble-making, unexpectedly of the whole year of through street of eight pieces
Up to 270. Concern,it require it install additional unit concerned in order to preventing continuation of injuries and deaths from being taken place in safe protection facility. This following research
To installing the overview of knocking into facilities slowly to sum up as form 5 shows at present at home.
5 form is it bump against overview form of facility slowly to install at present at home
Install the place Install the overview
The second the north is high
Install the stencil plate guardrails of eight altogether to protect in every place of ring road of the systematic overpass of Hsinchu
The cushion type knocks into facilities slowly, among them three are destroyed completely after the truck bumps into, five are passed
Other vehicles bump into latter half to destroy. There are no injuries and deaths to note down, has already reached and knocked into the work preliminarily slowly
Yes.
Zhongshan is high
In systematic overpass, the abundant original overpass and overhead section of exports of five shares circle of Hsinchu
Dish place is it load with four person who fills water and sand interconnected system type collide facility, among them 5 slowly to try altogether
One share of overhead section of ring roads of exits once wipe and knock into and cause trouble to note down.
Provincial highway bridge install stencil plate guardrail type collide facility slowly, good result have until Taizhong heavy.
Taibei city surround Hebei way overpass install H.D.P.E round barrel cover using type bump against facilities slowly again.
Source of the materials: The traffic safety of the road knocks into the project studies [4 ] of facilities slowly.
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Join, test now
In order to probe into and abolish the feasibility that the material of rubber for tire is applied to the traffic safety devices, this research will choose the speed car
One separates such several places as front, edge of west guardrail of knob pool, knob pool west guardrail end very beginning and front of west guardrail of central knob pool on the island,etc.
The place carries on the testing now of anticollision facilities of safety island, it tests the situation and divides and states as follows:
3.1 The speed lane separates the island front
Install the situation relevantly as follows:
Place Resurgence way of city of new shop of Taipei
Traffic characteristic
This end for lay expressway overpass turn left 900 because crossing fast traffic lane of the front fork forbid turning left head, must
Must roll away from express island between rate of traffic flow and straight line vehicle their pass in and out fast traffic lane or enter rate of traffic flow of fast traffic lane will be produced
Is it is it interweave to appear to catch, easy to knock this separate island front.
Material six type rubber anticollision post material their for abolish rubber for tire powder and natural glue add and stick the pharmaceutical.
Install situation install four six type rubber anticollision post in front of separating the island will it be February 6 the 91st year of the Republic of China.
3.2 Edge of west guardrail of knob pool
Install the situation relevantly as follows:
Place The city of new shop of Taipei fits and three sections of ways (to the neutralization direction)
The volume of traffic of traffic characteristic is large, the sight is not good at night, the vehicle is apt to wipe and knock into the guardrail edge.
The material abolishes the powder of rubber for tire and reclaimed rubber and carbonic acid raw materials.
Installed the anticollision shield of the situation by installing the guardrail side on February 7, the 91st year of the Republic of China.
3.3 Knob pool west guardrail end very beginning
Install the situation relevantly as follows:
Place The city of new shop of Taipei fits and three sections of ways (to the direction of new shop)
The volume of traffic of traffic characteristic is large, the sight is not good at night, the vehicles, especially motorcycles are apt to collide in the front of central guardrail.
Material six type rubber anticollision post material their for abolish rubber for tire powder add with the natural glue adding and sticking the pharmaceutical.
Install the situation
The Republic of China Install one six type rubber anticollision post on central knob pool in front of the west guardrail will it be February 7 one year
End.
3.4 Front of west guardrail of central knob pool
Install the situation relevantly as follows:
Place The city of new shop of Taipei fits and three sections of ways (to the neutralization direction)
Traffic characteristic
The crossroad traffic is large in flow, the sight is not good at night, a starting point of west guardrail of central knob pool, car
One is apt to collide here.
The material abolishes powder +ELABIND of rubber for tire and sticks the pharmaceutical.
Installed the situation and installed the foreordained affinity of west guardrail of central knob pool on February 20, the 91st year of the Republic of China.
The above-mentioned test now, because device time is short, still have no concrete data to analyse at present. But if here
The local responsible institution cooperates, go on for a long time observing continuously, is it have further materials relevant to suitable for follow-up to believe
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It is for referencial use to study.
Four, cost-effective analysis
In order to prove that abolishes the material of rubber for tire to apply to the feasibility of the safety devices market of the traffic, this research choosing to be left
Arrange the typical place and device suitable abolishing the safety devices of rubber for tire in order to carry on cost-effective analysis, and then compare
Abolish the difference between the material of rubber for tire and other materials. Before carrying on relevant analysis of cost-effective, at first the traffic accident
The trouble-making cost is defined for including the following five items:
1. Value cost of the death: Including personal life value and death funeral expenses.
2. Injured the value cost: Course expenses and hospitalization cost including giving first aid.
3. The property loses the value cost: Including vehicle loss, highway the facility colliding not lasting losing and other respect
The property is lost.
4. Consume the value that losses derive to the time of the user of other roads after causing trouble and happenning.
5. Expense in litigation of the court.
Lose the estimation of the value cost as for every injuries and deaths and property, ' Roadside Design of U.S.A. AASHTO
In Guide', has adopted the steps of two stage types, is the severity of estimating the contingency at first, secondly depend on it tightly
Estimating the cost of this accident in heavy degree, form 6 loses the suggestion value of the value cost for every injuries and deaths and property:
Project Lose the value cost
Death USD$500, 000
Injured USD$110 seriously, 000
Injured USD$10 slightly, 000
China one degree of injuries USD$3, 000
The first financial damage USD$2, 500
The second financial damage USD$5, 000
Through considering the domestic economic situation, consult and study the materials [19 ] both at home and abroad, originally it study as to the thing that not trouble-making cost
Guard and estimate that can depend on forms 7 Calculate it in listed standard:
Project Value cost of average losses ( Each person or each one)
Death 3 million yuan
Injury 1 million yuan
Injured seriously 2 million yuan
Injured slightly 200,000 yuan
One degree of injuries of China 800,000 yuan
The vehicle destroys completely 300,000 yuan
The vehicle half destroys 100,000 yuan
The vehicle damages slightly 10,000 yuan
4.1 High trouble-making place ( Central guardrail end very beginning of the west of knob pool) Cost-effective analyse
The central guardrail end very beginning of the west of knob pool of the general road, in order to cause trouble in the typical place commonly, because of its trouble-making rate high and main fact
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It is limited to in charge of unit's funds, so can only put the general triangular traffic awl in order to serve the purpose of warning on the front at present, but
But there is not a function of safe anticollision at all in its, so the trouble-making rate which is similar to the place is still too high to occupy, and then cause hugely
Traffic accident injuries and deaths social cost.
The trouble-making materials will be analysed to correlated with three sections of ways followingly according to new Ann of market of shop in Taipei. Deserved the highway section last year
There are two in all what has been written down cause trouble, its trouble-making vehicle is car and motorcycle respectively, but the trouble-making degree is respectively
One degree of slight injury of damaging, driving in the automobile; The motorcycle damages, one degree of injuries in the knight.
(1) With installing and abolishing the anticollision post of rubber for tire to compare:
In order to guard angle estimate such as is it abolish rubber for tire anticollision post to install, it install cost about 2 ten thousand yuan with material,
Material expenses are about 110 yuan per kilogram. But the speech if so as not to protect a motorcycle and cause trouble, it and install the triangular traffic awl
Cost-effective compare,can estimate:
1. Suppose its knight who can make the speed cause trouble as the motorcycle of 60KPH, from in degree injure because it lighten for being slight by injury,
The calculation of its benefit is as follows:
80 ten thousand yuan - 20 Wan Yuan =60 ten thousand yuan
Whether benefit its than 30 originally, such as make type show.
B/ C=60/2=30
2. Suppose it can make the motorcycle cause trouble ( The speed is about 35KPH) Knight, injure and has not reduced it in order to injure slightly, its result
Benefit is 20 ten thousand yuan, whether benefit than 10 times originally, as the following shows.
B/ C=20/2=10
(2) With installing expensive knocking into facilities (drum covers the using type again, REACT 350) slowly Compare:
The drum covers the using type and puts and sets cost as 100 ten thousand yuan again, its design strikes the speed as 70KPH, so it can
Make motorcycle knight degree injure or slight injury reduce for injury of having, its benefit is 80 ten thousand yuan and 20 ten thousand yuan respectively,
Its benefit originally to including:
B/ C=80/95=0.84 B/ C=20/95=0.21
(3) With installing knocking into facilities slowly of low cost ( Japan fills the water type) Compare
Japan fill to install cost about 18.2 ten thousand yuan water type, its design strikes the speed as 60KPH, so also know
Make motorcycle knight degree injure or slight injury reduce for injury of having, its benefit is 80 ten thousand yuan and 20 ten thousand yuan respectively,
It the beneficial originally to including:
B/ C=80/18. 5 =4.32 B/ C=20/18. 5 =1.08
4.2 High trouble-making place ( The speed lane separates the island front) Cost-effective analyse
It is the high place to cause trouble that the speed lane separates the island front, take resurgence way of city of new shop of Taipei as an example, this place
The ones that clicked and was three were written down last year caused trouble, it is trouble-making for vehicle in its car, every one as motorcycle when two piecesing,as for
The trouble-making degree, for two automobiles for slight damage, slight injury of driving respectively; It is in motorcycle for in degree damage,knight the light
Wounded.
(1) Compare with abolishing the anticollision post of rubber for tire:
Such as installing abolishing the anticollision post of rubber for tire, as Fig. Dr.eye: 5.1 shows, it is (material expenses of 2 ten thousand yuan that it is installed with the material cost
Each kilogram is probably 110 Yuan) ,In order to guard and estimate, so long as protect causing trouble of a car, the calculation of its benefit
Can divide into the following two kinds of states and estimate as follows:
1. Suppose it can make driving speed as driving, 60KPH of automobile, from in degree injure it is for injuring slightly since lighten,car
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Whether vehicle is it is it lighten for damage slightly to destroy by half to damage, calculation of benefit its as follows.
(80 ten thousand -20 ten thousand) + (10 ten thousand -1 ten thousand) =69 ten thousand yuan
About 10 ten thousand tons, one kilogram probably needs to deal with the expenses of 3.2 yuan, such as including the reduction of the social cost of this part,
Its benefit produced will be higher than estimated value. Whether benefit its than 34.5 originally, as the following shows.
B/ C=69/2=34.5
2. Suppose its driving that can make the driving speed turn into the car of 40KPH is lightenned for being OK by the slight injury, car
One is damaged slightly and lightenned for being OK, the calculation of its benefit is as follows:
20 or ten thousand +1 ten thousand =21 ten thousand
Whether benefit its than 10.5 originally, such as make type show.
B/ C=21/2=10.5
(2) With installing expensive knocking into facilities (H.D.P.E drum type) slowly Compare:
This imported one knocks into the putting and setting cost as 110 ten thousand yuan of facilities slowly, its design strikes the speed as 90 KPH, reason
Their this is it can make 60KPH and trouble-making vehicle and driving of car of 40KPH lighten for injury of having to differentiate, from
Knock into facilities to this type slowly and can cover and use again, so its President's benefit is calculated as follows:
(80 ten thousand point +10 yuans Wan Yuan) + (20 ten thousand point +1 yuans Wan Yuan) =111 ten thousand yuan
Its p/e ratio is 1.01 As the following shows:
B/ C =111 ten thousand yuan / 110 ten thousand yuan =1.01
Abolished the rubber for tire to apply to the cost-effective of this kind of place and analyse and only put than before by the comparative analysis of the above
Triangular traffic awl is it is it bump against facility to be much more favorable slowly to import, it serves to show this is applied to advantage at the market to install.
What merits attention is, abolish rubber for tire material can reduce environmental pollution cost obviously, estimate while being above-mentioned
Yi Ben counting it will ignore than the part of the social cost. In addition, if deal with the amount of tire abolished to invite every year with the environmental protection administration
10 ten thousand tons, and one necessary treatment expenses is it calculate with 3.2 to make an appointment, include society that part reduces this
Cost, its benefit produced will be higher than above-mentioned estimated value.
Five, conclusion and suggestion
Although this research is limited and is limited to time and funds, but still under limited research contents, what time does it receive preliminary knot
In terms of with propose, divide and state it as follows now:
5.1 Conclusion
Through above-mentioned analysis, this research gets some following conclusions:
1. The rubber material, because its elasticity is great, if can apply to anticollision facilities in the safety island, the car after bumping into
Vehicle easy to rebound, so it suitable for in road of low-speed lay at the environment relatively. But because it is with high costs, the reason
It should be a practice that is worth considering to adopt and abolish the material of rubber for tire and substitute. Pass relevant things test to analyse
And then, originally discover although its elasticity is slightly lower than the natural glue, can absorb and strike the energy produced,
So can apply to the road environment of low-speed. As for want cloth locate at a high speed environment of road, must
In addition, the structural design knocks into efficiency slowly by increasing it.
2. Through analysis of thing, is it abolish no matter rubber for tire adopt and cohere such sides as the pharmaceutical or the recycled glue,etc. to discover originally
The type, all show that all there is its feasibility in the application of anticollision facilities of safety island of traffic. Among them, in the normal atmospheric temperature
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It make can use it if abolishing, cohere pharmaceutical way of adding rubber for tire, it and suitable for not laying at traffic safety devices not irregular
Scene, as for recycled glue way must cast in factory, suited to cloth locate regular traffic of form relatively
On the safety devices.
3. In cost-effective and market analysis, right by abolishing general anticollision facilities made of the material of rubber for tire
Shut the road environment in lower speed limit, drive a vehicle although it ones that can not reduce it cause trouble by cost not limited not social, from
On its being relevant and with low costs, so benefit its estimate that can still be more than 10 guarding originally. In the practice is used,
Because its cost is cheap, so can install it in the easy dangerous place to cause trouble highly popularly, in order to because of in conformity with the government in advance
Limited awkward situation. In addition, also there is greatest benefitting to the improvement of the traffic safety.
4. Abolish the material of rubber for tire to make into the place to install that general anticollision facilities are suitable for at present, this research shows
There are three following places: General road ( Under speed limit 40KPH) Central authorities last guardrail two end head and
The speed by the side, general road of city district separates the island or trough island front and community ( Including the school)
The moderation of the interior road is padded.
5. Abolish anticollision facilities made of the material of rubber for tire, can also apply to the road ring of more high-speed limit further
The border, if high (fast) Such places as the speed highway,etc., Dr.eye: only after its design that must adopt structurization collides in order to increase
Alleviate knocking into the result slowly of energy.
5.2 Propose
Whether study by as to follow-up, research this have following three suggestion.
1. Because this subject for research can already reach the requirement for environment protection, more overall promotion traffic safety, so relative
Seem very important. Especially in the government has limited budget cases, research results this can give play to thing half work even more
Result of time. But because this research is limited to time and funds, fail to do further probing into again.
Propose the future research direction is not limited to abolishing the spacer of rubber for tire, but should expand and apply to the structure of increasing
Anticollision facilities designed, it carries out benefit will be more apparent.
2. In order to try to get its more perfect anticollision tempo range, it can be absorbed in computer simulation to study in follow-up. Build
Discussing can utilize the law of limited element to go on, but because the necessary reasearch funds is large, so need being common with car making
The department and vehicle test center ( ARTC) Cooperate, and study the plan with the combining type for many years of a seriation
For it.
List of references
1. Administration's research paper of the environmental protection of executive organ, ' the application which abolishes the powder recycle treatment technology of rubber for tire and derived product is counted
Row ',the 89th year of the Republic of China December.
2. Li Tsing-Hua University, Guo YeHui, ' abolish tire feasible treatment technology evaluation and analysis ', technology and project, pp.47-58, 1992.
3. Executive organ environmental protection administration research paper, ' abolish tire is it is it deal with abolishing rate stipulate the planning with the system to remove to retrieve ', the people
December of 88 years such as country.
4. Li KeCong, ' the traffic safety of the road knocks into the project studies of facilities slowly ' it is ground for first university that the Ministry of Communications trusts in the Ministry of Communications
Study carefully the report, June of 87.
5. AASHTO, " Roadside Design Guide" , October 1988.
6. Liu GuanRu, ' reflect light between number plate and vehicle trouble-making research of influence ', traffic university transport thesis, master of research institute,
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June of 88.
7. Li KeCong, ' the traffic safety of the road knocks into the research of standardizing the draft of facilities slowly ' in the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Communications entrusts and meets with
The research paper of first university, September of 1989.
8. Fee beautiful nine, ' abolish tire utilization of energy for vapour electric development of intergrowth ', abolish tire recycle treatment and utilize technology and tactics
The seminar, page 22, the 85th year of the Republic of China.
9. Cai is wise, ' the preliminary research of bits rubber concrete matching and project nature ', the University of Science and Technology of Chaoyang builds workers
Master's thesis of the Cheng 's, June of the 88th year of the Republic of China.
10. Ye JiaKui, ' abolish the earth project nature under the solidity of different relative rammers of chip of the tire ', building worker of university of Taiwan
Master's thesis of the Cheng 's, June of the 88th year of the Republic of China.
11. Lin ZhengZhang, ' abolish the nature research of the pitch of rubber for tire ', master's thesis of research institute of civil engineering of Chinese university,
June of the 89th year of the Republic of China.