Philippine's scientific magazine
139( 2) : 161-166,December of 2010
ISSN 0031-7683
Keyword: Have barbs, chicken feather, the group composite material of cement, coupling agent, formation stability,
Hygroscopicity, the keratin, silicane, high-efficient water-reducing agent
*Communication author: mnacda@yahoo.com
161
Menandro the whole Acda
The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
The department, to forest products and forestry and natural resources Philippine university Ross Barnes & Noble Sri Lankan of the scientific institute of papermaking, the institute, 4031 La Guaira, Philippine
This research canvasses and utilizes the wastes chicken feather ' Bichcle kick and branch stem) Reinforce the cement and bind the composite material. A series composite board is constituent various proportion
Waste feather, cement, sand and chemistry additive preparation outside. Mix effective the intersection of proportion and apparent feather or feather to lower weight, increase the ground from 5% to 20%. The parliament contains weight 5% to 10% fiberand / orground plucked instrument to reveal similar intensity and commercial timber fiber cement composite material of the formation stability are similar and thick Degree and density. Rigidity, bending strength, the proportion of the feather floor slab of the formation stability drops to the feather to increase by more than 10%. The intersection of higher education and feather of proportion, but have apparent to reduce, elastic modulus (Ministry of Education) With the modulus of rupture ' Ministry of Railways) ,And increase the water absorption and thickness after swelling
Soaking underwaterly in 24 hours.
Brief introduction
Poultry waste industry of chicken's feather. The poultry processing factory that the feathers of 1 billion kilograms of wastes produce every year, establish a severe solid waste problem (Parkinson 1998; Schmitt 1998) . The Philippine poultry industry have produced and invited Annual meat chicken 40 million ( 2005 of United States Department of Agriculture FAS) . These chickens produced about 6 million kilograms and wasted the bird childhood of the feather every year to deal with the commercial ore dressing plant. The traditional strategic chicken feather of treatment is costliness and difficulty. They are often incinerating the factory to burn, bury it piling the filling out area or retrieving to low quality animal's feed.
However, thesedisposalmethods arerestrictedor produced the greenhouse gases dangerous to the environmental composition. Half the about of eiderdown fiber of chicken's feather
(bichcle kick) And half shaft of a feather ' Backbone) Weight,structural and hollow in feather getting more central stiff one. Two Feather fiber and feather by keratin ' About 90% of the weight) ,Insoluble protein and highly durable to find in mao, the hoof, corner and the animal (Karshan 1930; 2002 of Schmitt) . The keratin forms amino acid of a number but mainly by cystine of amino acid, 2,6-diaminocaproic acid, proline, and the silk acid (Ward,et al.. 1955; Harrar and tiger 1963 of Woods) . It is difficult that these amino acids are inclined to cross linking and another one by the disulfide bond of taking shape of the hydrogen bond or cause fiber this, strong, light, and have good heat harmonics insulating property (Schmitt 2002; Pul,etc.. 2009) . The unique characteristic has cutins in the plastic chip (Khot,etc. from reinforcement of unequal potential application of number of interest useof wastechicken feather investigating. Schmitt and Jayasundera 2004 in 2004 of Fraser of 2001; Wool 2005, in Barlow and Barron,etc. in 2005 of Schmitt. A, group B in 2005; And Grey melon Hong Kong and wool 2005 in 2006 in Barlow; Aluigi,etc.. 2008, Da and 2008) Yang Hu . Unfortunately, these products because of the requirement for low-content correctly, they have

A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced Bind the composite material in the cement
Philippine's scientific magazine
Table 1.
Page 1
Philippine's scientific magazine

Keyword: Have barbs, chicken feather, the group composite material of cement, coupling agent, formation stability,
Hygroscopicity, the keratin, silicane, high-efficient water-reducing agent
*Communication author: mnacda@yahoo.com
161
Menandro the whole Acda
The waste chicken feather is reinforced Bind the composite material in the cement
The department, to forest products and forestry and natural resources of the scientific institute of papermaking
Philippine university Ross Barnes & Noble Sri Lankan, the institute, 4031 La Guaira, Philippine
This research canvasses and utilizes the wastes chicken feather ' Bichcle kick and branch stem) Reinforce the cement and bind the composite material. A series composite board is constituent various proportion
Waste feather, cement, sand and chemistry additive preparation outside. Mix effective the intersection of proportion and apparent feather or feather to lower weight, increase the ground from 5% to 20%. The parliament contains weight 5% to 10% fiberand / orground plucked instrument to reveal similar intensity and commercial timber fiber cement composite material of the formation stability are similar and thick Degree and density. Rigidity, bending strength, the proportion of the feather floor slab of the formation stability drops to the feather to increase by more than 10%. The intersection of higher education and feather of proportion, but have apparent to reduce, elastic modulus (Ministry of Education) With the modulus of rupture ' Ministry of Railways) ,And increase the water absorption and thickness after swelling to soak underwaterly in 24 hours.
Brief introduction
Waste of poultry of chicken's feather
Industry. The poultry processing factory that the feathers of 1 billion kilograms of wastes produce every year, establish a severe solid waste problem (Parkinson 1998; Schmitt 1998) . The Philippine poultry industry have produced and invited Annual meat chicken 40 million ( 2005 of United States Department of Agriculture FAS) . These chickens produced about 6 million kilograms and wasted the bird childhood of the feather every year to deal with the commercial ore dressing plant. The traditional strategic chicken feather of treatment is costliness and difficulty. They are often incinerating the factory to burn, bury it piling the filling out area or retrieving to low quality animal's feed. However, thesedisposalmethods arerestrictedor produced the greenhouse gases dangerous to the environmental composition. Half the about of eiderdown fiber of chicken's feather (bichcle kick) And half shaft of a feather ' Backbone) Weight,feather central stiff ones is key structural and hollow in tube. Two Heavy) ,Insoluble protein and highly durable to find in mao, the hoof, corner and the animal (Karshan 1930; 2002 of Schmitt) . The keratin forms amino acid of a number but mainly by cystine of amino acid, 2,6-diaminocaproic acid, proline, and serine (Ward,et al.. 1955; Harrar and tiger 1963 of Woods) . It is difficult that these amino acids are inclined to cross linking and another one by the disulfide bond of taking shape of the hydrogen bond or cause fiber this, strong, light, and have good heat harmonics insulating property (Schmitt 2002; Pul,etc.. 2009) . The unique characteristic has cutins in the plastic chip (Khot,etc. from reinforcement of unequal potential application of number of interest useof wastechicken feather investigating. Schmitt and Jayasundera 2004 in 2004 of Fraser of 2001; Wool 2005, in Barlow and Barron,etc. in 2005 of Schmitt. A, group B in 2005; And Grey melon Hong Kong and wool 2005 in 2006 in Barlow; Aluigi,etc.. 2008, Da and 2008) Yang Hu . Unfortunately, these products because of the requirement for low-content correctly, they have

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A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
Philippine's scientific magazine
Volume one. 139 is No. 2, December of 2010
162
Table 1. Composition( Weight % )Cement waste without being lasted composite material and included for chicken feather. Composition( Weight % )Cement bind composite material
Includes the waste chicken feather. Not apparent to reduce the feather of volume of the wastes to produce every year. 1998, United States Department of Agriculture (the Ministry of Agriculture)
The technology that develops separates the chicken feather Succeed fiber and particle ' Bush) Mark (Gassner,etc.. 1998) . It is the reinforcement in the composite material products that Thisdiscovery paves the way for the chicken fiber used. Winandy,etc.. (2007) Have studied and used chicken feather fiber as and substituted the fibrous medium-density fiberboard of timber. The result indicates, the fiberboard, has already slightly dropped in the intensity, it is more steady but it is corrosion resisting to improve the size, make from the timber fiber with the plank. Do other researchers use the feather fiber to develop the new biomaterial (Wrze? Niewska - Tosik,etc.. 2007, Aluigi,etc.. 2008, Da and 2008) Yang Hu Reinforcing in the plastics (Barone 2005, in Barlow and 2005 of Schmitt, wait in Barlow. A, group B in 2005; Sum in Barlow The intersection of Grey and the intersection of melon and 2006) . Anumber business application already explored that utilizes the fibrous chicken feather. Unfortunately, because of the requirement for low-content, they have no feather that the apparent quantity of reducing the wastes produce every year in these products. The intersection of comprehensive building and material, such as fiberboard and particleboard, high volume, high value applied to consume a large number of waste chicken feathers perhaps. One
It is simple, practical way, add to the composite board of poultry's feather and bind they and portland cement. Utilization factor of the definite research feather in this respect Have already reported (Hamoush and El - Hawary 1994) . However, if this may be proved it is feasible, it can offer new building materials and economic and environmental advantage that can afford. Use of this text report Chicken feather wastes and/or fiber are here in order to strengthen
The cement binds the composite material. This research is that a bigger part investigates that produces the low cost in the twice laid chicken feather of the project, the robust building material is suitable for the torrid environment.
Material and method
Chicken feather
Waste chicken feather, it is according to the poultry
Purefoods Company of the treatment facilities, the company is in the sharp handkerchief
The city, Batangas, Philippine. The wastes are taken feather to the laboratory in the sack, wash and remove the blood with mixing detergent and sodium chlorite with water many times, excrement and urine and foreign matter. This clean feather, then scribble in the galvanized iron sheet and shine the universe for three days under the sunshine. The dry feather is cut into about 25 millimetres of long slice, then grind into the powder (100 mesh) Use laboratory Willie Mill. Feather fiber ( Bichcle kick) ,Have obtained
Cut the dry feather and close the feather pen with the scissors manually. Fibrous hypocrystalline of feather, 5 microns for a diameter, density is 0.85 grams - 3
. The fibre length is from 4.2 to 15 millimetres. Feather or fibrous oven is dried for 24 hours on the ground, 102 ¡À 3 ¡æ front panel made (0%, Mitsubishi) .
Binder and admixture
It is ordinary portland cement ' 1 type,island cement, cement Co., Ltd.s firm,Philippine) Used as binder At the same time the intersection of reagent and magnitudes of calcium chloride ' Calcium chloride 2 ) Used for being regarded as the cement setting accelerator. One kind silicane coupling agent (dishes of health would rather 6020 silicane, dishes of health Z of R would rather R, NC, U.S.A.) Used for raising and bonding the fiber cement matrix of feather with the organic and inorganic response. High-efficient water-reducing agent (flat Daracem R based on lignin aqueous solution sulfonic acid, Grace's building materials products, Philippine) Used as improving and apt and cement of water-reducing agent and hydrate depressingly. The ordinary river sand is screened, through adopting 100 mesh on all boards.
Experimental design and statistical analysis
Three six ( 36) Preparation of the cement composite material of feather By 12 ( 12) Blend chicken feather ( Fiber And/or ground feather) ,Cement, sand and chemical admixture are made up(see Table 1) . Make up and duplicate boardswere three times as to each cement / feather / admixture
Make. There is no control panel and is used in this research, because this can not make a group talk only from cement density and size. But,

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A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
Philippine's scientific magazine
Volume one. 139 is No. 2, December of 2010
163
The characteristic of the composite material has carried on the comparative experiment With the commercial fibrous floor slab (Philippine HardieLite R James and Hadi) Sum of similar thickness
Density. Intensity characteristic ( Modulus of rupture [Ministry of Railways) ,Elastic modulus [Ministry of Education) )And link stability (the expansion ratio of thickness, water absorbing capacity) One measurements pieces of sample,from each piece repeated board. Data of intensity sum formation stability analyze Use the intersection of the dual factors and variance analysis ' Variance) Mounted the difference apparent in height that a perfectly-random granule designs using Du Ke separately from blockade factor and means of W / C and examined (HSD type, ¦Á=0.05)(Statgraphics 1999) ,In order to confirm whether to cause the great intensity characteristic correctly of treatment.
The faceplate is made
The measurement of Aseries feather cement composite material adopts density 1.20 grams / centimetre three for 4mm x x 254 millimetres for 254 millimetres and goal and is prepared in the laboratory. The water cement ratio is held and adjusted in 0.60 to 0.80 correspondingly, in order to offer a feasible sticking to, can support the cement to hydrate. At all levels
Calcium chloride and high-efficient water-reducing agent keep in 3% and 5%, according to the cement of the weight respectively. Spray feather or required high-efficient water-reducing agent of number of fiber on the ground then dissolves and sets up in the distilled water in the oven for 24 hours (0% for 3 ¡æ in 102 ¡À dry, Mitsubishi) . The parliament has made first mixing required sand of amount of money and cement in a big plastic drum. Feather and/or fiber is dealt with and added and mixed with Z - 6020 silicane completely at that time on the ground. Required the intersection of amount and calcium chloride dissolve on water it offers water cement ratioes to be 0.60ing totally, increase and make up. Water-reducing agent, added and stired the constant fur feather even particle cement / sand association at that time. Extra while watering, make up and is thought to be too dry, can't form cementpastethatcould unanimous coatallfeather particle. Increase aqueous quantity differently and not use with the prescription to some extent, but does not exceed a water cement ratio 0.80. Mixing whether even distributed form to become wooden frame put in one the intersection of fetus and the intersection of lamina membranacea and the intersection of inner liner and 1 thick table of feeling. Urgent in the convenient back water cushion merge process of escaping of the felt. Apolyethylene flake is put to the position where the fetal membrane is put before the plate mat before the crest is formed. The single mat is pressed onto thickness of 4 millimetres, and by leaving the pressure (3.8 Mpas) under the hydropress Three piece hour. The comprehensive cushion was taken out from the newspapers at that time, the mould taken out, put on the desk, and allowed to totally cure for 28 days and maintain at a control and 21 ¡æ of control chamber and 65%
Relative humidity. After solidifying, the pruning or reducing to required test sample size of the parliament. The cement mixed assemblage of every feather is duplicated in this research for three times.
Rigidity and bending strength
Shipboard rigidity of influence of different prescription And resist and roll over the intensity to appraise and use 3 points U.S.A. ASTM D 1037 (U.S.A. ASTM 1995) after bend test Some modifications. A sample measures x 250 millimetres for 80 millimetres and was once cured and duplicated the association of parliament every cement feather by these three. Ministry of Education, Ministry of Railways, maximum load, bending deflection confirm as, adopt load rate use the omnipotent material testing machine of Tianjin of island in 6 / the intersection of 220 and skip distance of min by each sample. Three reply and is used in each test and similar density and thickness of commercial fibrous floor slab it as contrast.
Sum of expansion ratio of the thickness of absorbing water
Various mixed influence, hygroscopicity and formation stability determination of cement and chicken feather adopt water absorbing capacity and thickness swelling to test, according to the American society Test material three-dimension 1037 ( U.S.A. ASTM 1995) ,Join some modifications. Sample ( 160 x 250 millimetres) Being cut off from every three boards of solidification is each association which duplicate the cement feather. The test of water absorption and expansion ratio of the thickness of absorbing water, determine that submerges the horizontal sample for underwater 2 to 22 hours at room temperature. During sinking each one, the surplus water that the sample is discharged, measure the change in thickness and aqueous absorption amount. Thickness Swelling ( Precise as to 0.01) Measurement Liang piece show Length and figure of one and each sample Cursor slide caliper rule ( Three abundant companies) . Water absorbing capacity and thickness expansion ratio original weight and thickness part in percentage separately. Three is duplicated and is used for treating and every commercial fibrous floor slab is regarded as the control group as stated above. The data have been separated with the means as stated above by variance analysis. It last feather result last 5% to 10%,fiber or ground feather cementratio Attwater (it is wide /C) In 0.60 display
Good effectiveness, make the formative pastel apply all feather fibers or particles and cement. However, effective mixing is apparent to drop 15% to 20% feather fiber or trend in the ground, because of the intersection of content and short fiber, form agglomerate, embrace each other, question notice even that wells up ( 2005) . Obviously, water-reducing agent mix in higher lateral the intersection of eiderdown and content of working etc. these improving or seldom. The chicken feather includes picking up the moisture ' 60% ) And hydrophilic amino acid array (and 2006 of Gregor in Barlow) . Albumen of hygroscopicity of absorbing water

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A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
Philippine's scientific magazine
Volume one. 139 is No. 2, December of 2010
164
Fig. 1. Cement bound composite material to contain and mix the cement, sand and Armadillidium mao (A) And/or the fiber (2) of feather Fabricate than 0.60 and goal density 1.20 grams / cubic centimetre in the intersection of timber and glue.
One

Second
Table 2. Intensity characteristic and formation stability Wastes chicken of different quantity of influence of 4mm thick cement adhesive material
Feather
One
Mixed proportion
2 (%'s weight)
(three + structure) /Fast forward /green

Average 3 repetition of each value, have not shown different testing in the same letter using Du Ke's HSD one in the series subsequently, ¦Á=0.05.
2
c =Cement
Sand trader S =
Franc =Feather fiber
Green =Earth the feather
Remain low work that may cause
Cement, the cement that the capillary water of the eiderdown quilts mix out
Paste. When mixed processability is improved, more water
With (increased W / C to 0.80) ,Permission
Paste the feather fiber to coat after forming the cement
Or the particle. Improve through increasing practicality and make up
Have not tried the level of high-efficient water-reducing agent. It is high
Plasticizer at all levels, and hinder the cement from hydrating
It is reported that, the adverse effect on the intensity characteristic
Cement adhesive material of feather (Hamoush and El-
Hawary 1994) . The surplus moisture has reduced the composite material too
Through increasing the porosity of the intensity characteristic
Harden the cement (Simatupang and Geimer 1990) . Feather
The content level is 5% to 10%, pass 0.60 and 15% of W / C
Pass W to 20% /0.80 of C allows the appropriate cushion to take shape

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A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
Philippine's scientific magazine
Volume one. 139 is No. 2, December of 2010
165
With amalgamating ' Fig. 1) .
Rigidity (MOE) With the bending strength ' Ministry of Railways)
Obvious reducing (P " 0.001) of the board of directors With
That the quantity increases a feather ' See Table 2) . But,
The board contains 5% to 10%, the feather of the fiber or ground
Ministry of Education of comparativity compares with Ministry of Railways
Commercial fibrous floor slab (Ministry of Education =3.84 GPa hour, Ministry of Railways
=12.54 Mpas) . Intensity characteristic in 5% To 10%
Fiber and/or ground acquired feather change
Present research is still a match for the newspaper
Wooden the intersection of fibrous reinforcement and the intersection of cement and composite material ' Campbell's sum
Coutts 1980; 1987 of Coutts) ,But is lower than those sisal hemp
And banana fiber (Savastrano,etc.. 2005) . Distinguish
It may be because of higher slenderness ratio
The material, for instance, the sisal hemp causes stronger and more severe
Board ( Badejo 1988) . There is only fibrous use or mixing
Feather fiber and level on the ground seem to use in this research
It has influenced(P " 0.001) whether apparent In Ministry of Education
Ministry of Railways and every proportion of committee in each test ' Table
2). In addition the feather fiber may be improved
Fracture toughness, prevent the crackle from expanding at the same time
The feather can reduce space and unlawful practice of ground invalid
(Frybort,etc.. 2008) . We observe, put into the ground
Feather improvedthesurfacetextureoftheboards butthere boards butthere
There is no horizontal test of any improved intensity.
Hygroscopicity, with the formation stability too
Receive different proportion chicken feathers
usedinthestudy. Expansion ratio of water absorptionand thickness
Obviously increase (P by " 0.001) after soaking for 24 hours
The chicken feather is by 5% as quantity Increase
Reach 20% (meet Table 2) . However, the board of directors contains 5% to come
10% feather fiber or mixing fiber and ground eiderdown quilt
To size similar without being lasted sex ratioed
If new a fibrous floor slab ' =2.14%, west Australia =13.05% ) ,But
Able to bear water absorption and swell less than
The board includes" 10% of the fibers or feathers is loaded ". This
Function may be because of the silicane coupling agent in use
Theboards includes amixofcementandchicken feather.
Silicane coupling agent have two react perssad ' Amino
And three methoxy silicane) Can form the chemical bond
Use the feather fiber or surface of the particle
Cement group (Wituki 1993) . The coupling agent behavior is here
The interface bridges two different materials, in order to improve
Adhesion. However, form the chemical bond
With the feathers or silicate hydrate of amino acid
The cement reduces or prevents potential absorption
Water in the site. So, the board of directors improves to some extent
The size is steady in the content of 5% to 10% of the feathers. Here
The high feather is loaded, the board demonstrates very high
Absorb water expansion ratio sum of the thickness ' " 30% ) And then 24
Water of hour is soaked. There may these circuit boards
Loaded with too much horizontal feather coupling agent
And use, make the fiber cement not complete
Coat with the cement. This may enable water
Molecular amino acid absorbed causes
Very high water absorption and swelling thickness.
Conclusion
In general cases, this research reveals, the chicken feather can be wasted
As strengthening materials, but bind in the cement
There are only the contents of 10% of the left and right feathers at most. The board includes
5% to 10%, fiber and/or ground feather werecomparablein
Rigidity and commercial timber fiber of intensity characteristic
The thickness of the floor slab is similar to density. Increase
The proportion of the chicken feather exceeds 10% Cause
Apparent to reduce Ministry of Education and Ministry of Railways, and reduce
dimensionalstability. Potentialuseof wastechicken feather
Reinforce in cement Israel in bond of composite material
Help the handling of the reduction wastes of the poultry industry
Cost and obtaining profits from the sale chicken feather
Building and building industry.
Express one's thanks to
This research has got Ford's child care
Environmental subsidy and subsequent subsidy for research
The plan, the system of Philippine university. This
I thank for women the intersection of El and Herba Viviae Sativae to draw Bondad forest too
ProductsResearch and Institute for Development Studies, tie
Science and technical use research institute
Gentleman and his Buddhist nun of China of the universal tester hold Orozco
The laboratory assists the whole experiment.
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A million of Acda: The waste chicken feather is reinforced
Bind the composite material in the cement
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166
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