Poisonous plant of nature;

Poisonous plant is it is it can lead to the fact all sorts of plants of injury to mankind or domestic animal to wait for to refer to in general. As for injuring to some degree, it asserts the standard varies with each individual too; All total amount of poisonous plants, not only there is difference because of the asserting of people, but also will increase and decrease to some extent because of development of scientific knowledge.The definition more rational to the poisonous plant should now be: Have instance of poisonning, or prove via the experiment that may cause mankind, domestic animal or other high animals because of diet, contacts or other ways (vertebrate) Death,or some organization, organ,etc. temporarily and even plants of long period of time injury.

The plant kingdom includes the bacterium, alga, lichen, fungi, liver moss, fern, naked son and angiosperm. A lot of bacteria will produce the toxin, a few alga is in a situation that breed intensively, will produce the drama poisonous substance quality too, these two kinds of low grade plants are not within the range of discussion of ' the poisonous plant ' the same. And the range that this page article discuss, only limited to Wei restrains plants, namely the fern, naked son and angiosperm.

　　Nearly there are 300,000 kinds of higher plants in whole world, the scientist estimates thousands of kinds among them are poisonous, but still nobody can count the detailed figure. Though Gadd of U.S.A., L. Gentleman count poisonous plants from all parts of the world have 118 department in 1980, 866 genera, 1938 kinds, but this still just thick income that estimated of data, because it is made in China to belong to among them and only include 51 kinds, it is obviously figures on the low side.

Why poison people and animals?

Why did the poisonous plant produce the function of poisonning after people and animals touch or eat by mistake, it must be the haunting of poisonous composition because in its body, results caused. But why thing on earth it will be poisonous composition, according to the analysis, can roughly sum up to answer for the following 11 kinds:
(1)Soda of the plant

For example the tobacco contains the nicotine known to all; Big colored datura, safflower datura,etc. contain soda of henbanes, the atropine and east henbane soda; The Chinese lobelia includes the mountain stem dish soda; The clubmoss includes the soda of clubmosses; The tattle includes pig's dung beans and soda,etc..

(2)Mix the candy body

If the oleander includes many kinds of strong hearts and mixes the candy body; Digitalis include foreign malicious to buy the candy body digitalis; South candle, Taiwan horse drunk wood and a lot of azalea department plant include sheep to be Zhi candle malicious to buy the candy body; Kui Long, white Great Britain, potato new bud,etc. suck black nightshade buy the candy body; Tie Su seed include iron Su mix candy body wait for.

(3)Hydrocyanic acid

If the greengage, loquat seed, nandina, flax, false and big and green and blue ( Wild blue and green tree) When containing it.

(4)Toxoprotein

For instance pearl seed of chicken's mother, castor plant seed, croton seed,etc. contain it.

(5)Phenol chemical compound

For instance lacquer tree, Taitung paint, wild lacquer tree, cashewnut and even mango,etc., include this kind of noxious substance.

(6)Bitter flavor is plain and ketone chemical compound

If trifoliate jewelvine, hair trifoliate jewelvine, rattan include the trifoliate jewelvine ketone; The muskmelon includes the bitter toxin of muskmelon; The China tree includes the chinaberry cover of bitter flavor and usually waits.

(7)The soap mixes the candy body

If the root of root of balloonflower includes the saponin of root of balloonflower; Trader land, foreign plant,etc., land of trader and department of Chinese yam also have it.

(8)Pungent flavor material

For instance hot pepper, pepper,etc. contain it, have function of poisonning on eyes and throat.
(9)Such acid materials as oxalic acid and formic acid,etc.

Such as gripping people's cat and biting people's dog to include the formic acid; Spinach and sour mould include the oxalic acid etc..

(10)Volatility oil

For instance garlic, onion, camphor tree, lantana,etc. have it, have function of poisonning on eyes, alimentary canal,etc..

: (11)Fat chemical compound
For instance root of Beijing euphorbia type sucks Buddha leather alcohol ester, fat of alcohol of root of Beijing euphorbia,etc., have function of poisonning on the skin and digestive system.

Where is the poisonous plant?

Perhaps a lot of people think, the poisonous plants should all grow in the deserted mountain field, we are not very easy to meet usually; Grain, vegetables, fruit, medicinal herb and flowers and trees of flower garden viewing and admire using are only beneficial to the mankind, will never cause the function of poisonning. This idea is incorrect. The poisonous plant grows in any place where they can live on, whether these places are the mankind or other animals activity; So flower garden, by the road, suburb, shallow mountain, seashore, alpine district there is trace including poisonous plant, namely it connect with others' Is dwelling in room in, sitting room,etc. Dr.eye: place,plant put to put may be poisonous, therefore can't adopt a casual attitude absolutely.

　The potato sprouting and not ripe broad bean are all brought toxicantly in the vegetables, don't eat by mistake; Such cereal crops as Chinese sorghum, maize, wheat,etc., the leaf of the stem often includes the hydrocyanic acid its young seedling stage, the domestic animal chews the food and may be poisonned. Loquat, apple, cherry, plum, Li, pear of fruit rose family plant, seed, bud or bark,etc. Dr.eye: contain toxicity, if after the edible pulp, have not given full expression to the views, even seed is bitten into pieces and swallowed together, so far as there is trouble.

The medicine and poisonous substance are very difficult to distinguish sometimes, if arsenic and snake venom are the medicine under extremely low dosage, but become hypertoxicity excessively promptly. So, poisonous plants and medical plants are very difficult to distinguish, so on the prescription and dosage that are used, or have instruction of the person who analogous toes experience via the doctor, must guard against gathering and taking by oneself.

　Park, campus, residence flower garden and in the room, urban area in any human activity frequent place so far by the road since, a lot of flowers and trees used to view and admire lead toxicant too, some will injure the skin because of touching the milk; Some are caused by that the infant eats digesting, circulation even injury of the central nervous system by mistake, must be careful too.

Change of poisonous compositions

Plant various kinds of in objects poisonously and include poisonous substance quality, its thickness often changes because of the following factors:

( 1) Growth
The poisonous biological soda of the datura reaches supreme quantity while blooming in summer; The noxious substances of many kinds of woody poisonous plants are the highest with some vigorous thickness of cell's vigor; The poisonous qualities of morphine of opium poppy, corn poppy,etc., the content is the largest while blooming to the young fruit one too; Chinese sorghum hydrocyanic acid malicious quality, stem of leaf, grow season, soil factor,etc. have difference often; But Mao Gen belongs to, such plants as the eggplant belongs to, its poisonous quality is in direct proportion to maturity of the plant body.

( 2) Producing area
The same kinds of poisonous plant have different toxicity because the producing area is different often, produce opium poppy in Europe, the content of its opium soda is very low; But the individual growing in Asia Minor, Egypt and China, the content of opium soda is much higher. The hemp growing in regions of Indian, its toxicity is very strong, and the person who originates in other places, then toxicity is relatively weak. The content of trifoliate jewelvine ketone of the trifoliate jewelvine, will decrease progressively as the increase of the height above sea level of ground grows. Some variety toxicity their, feather fan of beans can change with difference of the soil composition.

( 3) Plant

　The wild rhizome of Chinese monkshood belongs to the plant, its root toxicity is very strong, but cultivate, then toxicity will be weakened gradually; Some poisonous beans, the toxicity of the wild one is the strongest, toxicity is greatly reduced after planting; But known to all tobacco, poisonous biological soda content its can change to some extent because of culture.

( 4) Rizhao

　Some kind of plant of Solanaceae, many kinds of poisonous biological soda its buy the candy body, will just accumulate into a large amount of under the sufficient sunshine; But relative, the poisonous composition of some the orchid family plants must be under the environment that is covered, could take shape in a large amount.

( 5) Every position of plant body

　　The content of the poisonous composition in every position of plant body might not be the same, if the pearl stem leaf of chicken's mother is nearly nonpoisonous, but the toxicity of the seed is extremely strong; Digitalis and toxicity of leaf department of the tobacco are very great, but other position are very small.

Poisonned the way
Taiwan is spontaneous and the poisonous plant introduced and even returned to melt is various in style, used to gather the wild plant and is used as medicine among the people, so ' poisonous to enter from mouth ' poisoning situation comparatively common. In addition, cause the instance that skin and even other organs are poisonned by the fact that contact the poisonous position, also of common occurrence. Sum up the poisoning way of the poisonous plant as follows now:

(1) Poisonned because of eat or medicalling

　　Several has small and poisonous plants such as ginseng, cinnamon, almond, ginkgo,etc., if it is excessive to eat, will be poisonned. Utilize rhizome of Chinese monkshood, black false hellebore, digitalis, rich to fall go back, Thunder God rattan, lead son Niu, trader land, subprostrate sophora, fruit of Rangoon creeper, datura,etc. Dr.eye: persons who are used as medicine, if because ask the more anxious, take in a large amount by oneself. Very easy to poison.

( 2) Poisonned because of eating by mistake

　　The preschool infant has specially strong curiosity, extremely active and interesting, so it is not small to eat such probability as the root of Beijing euphorbia plant milk, poisonous houseplant,etc. Dr.eye: by mistake. And adult might is it eat safflower octagonal to regard as by octagonal fruit too, trader Lu Gen is regard the ginseng as, the big colored datura is regarded as the lily, cause the poisoning phenomenon not worthwhile.

(3) Poisonned because of eating indirectly

　　The honeybee sucks the poisonous plant (rattan,etc. such as azalea, Thunder God) Nectar after,it last honey,I people food, namely may be poisonned; Make with hitching post wood chopping block cut dish cut meat, act as with oleander little piece chopsticks have a meal, or act as the roast meat of faggots with the branch and leaf of other poisonous plants, may be poisonned.

( 4) Poisonned because of sucking

　Pollen (belong to the plant such as greenfeed for pigs and Japanese Eupatorium) of some plants After people and animals suck, often cause the infection of the respiratory track or uncomfortable, the serious one will even die. In addition, the stem leaves of such plants as the hemp, datura, morphine, opium,etc. Dr.eye: or refined products of the plant, will cause the phenomenon of poisonning too after lighting and sucking its gas.

( 5) Poisonned because of keeping in touch
A lot of members of such families as the department of root of Beijing euphorbia, Anacardiaceae, rhizoma arisaematis department, nettle department, the composite family,etc., Dr.eye: its juice or mao often cause the redness, itch and even fester etc. Dr.eye: after touching to the skin of people and animals. And trader land, horse mulberry, trifoliate jewelvine, pearl,etc., Dr.eye: mother of chicken, in for external use processing or under the other states, will be poisonned because of keeping in touch too.

(6) Eat sedulously but poisonned

　　 Kind that the plant is poisonned

The poisonous plant can cause such many kinds of poisoning effects as acute, chronic, organ functional disorder and heredity, sudden change, canceration, monster,etc. to people and animals. Generally speaking, there are materials on obvious toxic function in the poisonous plant, can sum up for nervous system toxicity and cell poisonous substance, but to the classification that the noxious substance is slighter and more rational in the plant, depend on poisonning the understanding of the mechanism to these materials. Whole world at present have thousands of poisonous shoe last chemical composition and toxicity function of thing wait to study further still, but the poisonous composition of some poisonous plants,

Enter course of animal's body, poison the position and continue the taking place poison effect etc. mainly, I people have understanding of generality already, can is it is it have odd more following to divide type that plant is poison into to try.

(1) The nervous system is poisonned

　　Most noxious substances of poisonous plant all have certain nervous system function, especially belonging to the hypertoxic plant of acute poisoning, the position of its toxic function is a nervous system in the main. The symptom that the nervous system is poisonned not merely feels the function, movement function and obstacle or forfeiture of the thinking function, often result in breathing the obstacles of the function and heart function too, and often cause the death by the fact that badly sick.

The hypertoxic plant that the color that moderns smelt changes is distributed in the oleander department mainly, opium poppy department, LangKe Mao, lily department, azalea department, department, root of fangji department,etc. family, department of winged euonymus and money of horse. Can subdivide into several the following kinds in the case poisonned in the nervous system:

a.Whether muscle stiff, convulsion,etc.. Chief culprit plant have horse mulberry, horse money, safflower octagonal, mattress taro,etc..

b.Whether muscle numb, skin livid purple, limb end paralysis,etc.. Dr.eye: This is paralysis poisoning of sensory nerve, the main chief culprit plant has rhizome of Chinese monkshood, black false hellebore,etc..

c.Of flaccid muscles, four limbs paralysis, going into a coma,etc.: This is neural paralysis poisoning of a sport, the main chief culprit plant has Thunder God rattan, elegant jessamine, lily magnolia, azaleas,etc..

d.Stable, calm, have a liking for sleeping, go into a coma etc. This for nerve centre poisoning of suppressing etc., main chief culprit plant have rich to fall go back, wild opium poppy member, department of opium poppy.

e.The heartbeat slowly, blood pressure drops, goes into a coma etc. This is poisonned for the heart, the main chief culprit plant is virgin oleander, digitalis, sea lemon fruit, Malian muscle,etc..

Some hypertoxic plant walk to and for and many kinds of azalea plants such as opium poppy, sheep, they except will cause the suppressing poisoning symptom of nerve centre ing, can let victim is it is it suppress to breathe to have concurrently also and blood pressure is it poison the consequence seriously to drop etc., it is different of course.

Why can the poisonous quality of the above-mentioned poisonous shoe last thing cause the poisoning of the nervous system? According to the research of the biochemical scientist, it is learnt that the nervous system is very high to the chemical material sensitiveness, it is a chemical transmittance process that the neural contact is transmitted, the chemical member with transmission information of the uniqueness is called ' the neurotransmitter ' in this course, this kind of transmittance process of top management of some ferments of uniqueness and regulation albumen. Neurotransmitter can produce function to receptor, and neural biomembrane ion thorough fare have important regulation that controls function to like this biochemical course. The toxin of the plant is a way to combine with a certain chemistry; To interfere the function, cause and poison to react.

If the supersession course of nerve cell is destroyed, will cause the damage of the nerve cell or necrosis; The destruction of the biomembrane structure of nerve cell, will definitely cause the nerve cell function to destroy. The malicious umbrella gill fungus toxin in the poisonous fungus, the ones that will be suppressed in the cell nucleus get ferments together, make nerve cell of brain downright bad, therefore let victims poison the symptom the violent nervous system.

　Summarize and does not get on very well, it is quite complicated that the nervous system is poisonned, the same poisoning symptom does not show the mechanism on function is the same; And the same kind of function mechanisms, often demonstrate the poisoning symptom not the same either. So this kind of plant is poisonned the mechanism and still depended on the further research of scholars.

(2) The respiratory system is poisonned

Many poisonous plants will endanger the respiratory system of people and animals or other animals, getting more common most situation to suppress not breathing,soda and the black false hellebore soda not biologicals, such as morphine,etc. so,etc. convulsion poisonous substance, will cause serious breath to suppress but cause the death. This kind of situation is usually caused because the centre of breath of the brain is poisonned, but cause breath poisoners because of other factors, such as the pollen or seed of some plants, will release such noxious substances as amine,etc., cause such symptoms as the bronchus convulsion, asthma, breathing to mix tiredly,etc., even die.

The rhizome of Chinese monkshood soda is waited for and used to be brought the hypertoxic plant soda which is made the curare, it is a kind of pharmaceutical of flaccid muscles too, but so this kind of plant will block nerve and the linking of the muscle, destroy the transmission of nerve impulse information, and cause the paralysis of flaccid muscles; Affect by the the same one too diaphragm breath skin that nerve arrange at the same time, cause paralysis to breathe the skin.

Another kind of plant toxin that will suppress breathing is that the cyanogen mixes the candy body, this kind of toxin is distributed extensively in the plant kingdom, among them poisonous function is causing because the cyanogen mixes candies and realizes and releases the hydrocyanic acid. The hydrocyanic acid is a drama poisonous substance quality, can enter animals in the body through the mouth, nose and even skin, suppress the activation that the cytochrome oxidizes the ferment. This kind of ferment contains the iron, can move and give oxygen that the hemoglobin carries to cell's organization, it wide to distribute on animal body of the various kinds of cell, after suppressing, can cause with meagre oxygen cell of universality, it is damaged to cause metabolism and other physiological functions, if the paralysis because of it of even breath centre of the brain, the victim may die. The typical hydrocyanic acid poisoning happens in eating such fruit things as the greengage, almond, peach kernel,etc. by mistake, the infant or the primary school pupil is easier to injure.

(3) The immune system is poisonned
Its toxin of several poisonous plants will interfere and even destroy the immune system temporarily or for a long time, cause all sorts of allergic reaction, more common symptom is anaphylaxis shock, anaphylaxis rhinitis, anaphylaxis asthma, anaphylaxis skin inflammation,etc..

The first kind of allergic reaction is lain between and led by antibody, namely after contacting anaphylactogens, it produces the immune albumen of responsivity antibody that the animal realizes, as the anaphylactogen is combined with reacting originally, will bring out and release such toxin as amine,etc., cause such irritated responses as nose swallowing, respiratory track, intestines and stomach and systematic inflammation of lymph,etc., its symptom is asthma, rhinitis, shock,etc.. Cause the poisonous plant of this kind of allergic reaction to belong to the plant representatives with greenfeed for pigs, ladder herb, the aster and Japanese Eupatorium, the pollen of such gymnosperm as the spore and loose, China fir, cypress of some low grade plants,etc. will cause the similar allergic reaction. These very small anaphylactogens often float within air, as the air current is spread everywhere, cause the injuring of numerous people and animals.

　　Last anaemia not courageous and upright causing second kind of allergic reactions for anaphylactogen, this in plant is the more difficult to meet in not poisonning and.

　　The third allergic reaction to compound by antigen and antibody thing lie between lead exceed getting quick to react. Antigen will bring out a large amount of different kinds of serum, cause antigen and antibody compound the forming of the thing, cause many kinds of complicated irritated symptom finally, for example skin inflammation, pneumonia, nettle rash, vomit,etc.. Cause irritated plant of response this kind of bite people cat, scorpion grass, bite people dog for representatives with nettle department, other such as beans material and calabash department member,some too it can have lasted similar allergic reaction.

The fourth kind of allergic reaction is lain between and led by cell to exceed reacting quickly. Volatile oil, resin and water soluble to mix candy physical stamina cause such allergic response of some poisonous plant. The Anacardiaceae plant causes this kind of typical representative of allergic responses, tree its that juice include to paint phenol material, extremely easy to cause skin inflammation of contacting etc.. In addition, such plants as oleander department, the department of root of Beijing euphorbia, trailing plants department,etc., many kinds will cause the similar allergic reaction too.

(4) Spirit poisoning

Some poisonous plants will produce the amino acid, soda of the plant, mix such many kinds of chemical compounds as candy body,etc., after people and animals eat by mistake, cause amentia, overbearing and dry, the excitement, thinking difficulty, vision fan are unreal, such symptoms as the fan of sense of hearing is unreal. On behalf of chief culprit plant datura, hemp, the heavy to spend with datura not pale reddish brown,etc. In addition several Rubiaceae, oleander department, is it spend department, horse money department plant and some variety of poisonous fungus type have this kind of toxicity too to fasten.

Hemp known to all, its poisonous composition is four hydrogen hemp phenol, it can combine with the plasma and cell protein, and in brain savings, cause the damage that can't be replied to some tissues in the brain, so have great danger to the health. Advanced country no wonder is it plant, make and sell to prohibit by official order, import too strict to block smuggling.

(5) Stimulating poisoning of the skin, mucous membrane
Some has stimulating poisonous plants, the regular meeting causes the function of poisonning on the skin, oral cavity, intestines and stomach and urinary system which are poisonned the animal, its common symptom is skin redness, inflammation, fester, vomit, diarrhoea, mucous membrane stimulate pain, blood in the urine etc.. Many kinds of plants of the rhizoma arisaematis department have this kind of toxin promptly, its a large number of calcium oxalate and protein included in the body hydrolysis ferments, often cause redness and inflammation of the people and animals skin. In addition, Cruciferae, composite family, root of Beijing euphorbia department, winter daphne department, gold silk peach department, member of family, department of lamb's-quarters and department,etc. of knotweed, many kinds will emerge these stimulating toxin too.
Above-mentioned stimulating toxin are strong and fat-soluble chemical compounds with lively chemical property in the main, very easy with contact cell of position produce chemical reaction, combine with DNA of cell nucleus, damage of making the cell happen and can't be replied.

(6) Organ damaging poisoning
The toxin that some poisonous plants produced, will make animal's cell dissolve or necrosis. For example the chicken's mother pearls and castor plant seed all contain the toxoprotein of high polymer quantity, will suck candy albumen consist of two chains, first chain will suppress animal cell protein synthetic; The second chain is combined with incomplete base of candy of animal's cell surface, cause the organ of universality to damage finally, such as the liver kidney is downright bad, the stomach bleeds and myocardium fibre pathological change,etc.

In addition Changchun spend soda, toxin,etc., soda of colchicum and mortar of spirit, will cause the lapse and unusual that the cell has silks to split; Yellow tattle and the several composite families plant will cause the serious damage of the liver kidney, make liver cell downright bad, hydroncus, cause the death when being serious. It is that the liver metabolism is destroyed, cause depositting and jaundice and disease of the bile that a kind of liver is poisonned the phenomenon, or make the gallbladder paralysis, renal tubule necrosis, because the kidney dies depletedly finally, the lantana is a representative of this kind of chief culprit plants example.

(7) Carcinogenic, cause sudden change, cause the poisoning of monster,etc.

　DNA interaction with animal's cell that toxin can included of some poisonous plants, make the spiral of DNA disorderly, cause pain becoming and sudden change of the cell, such as toxin of the yellow camphor tree, eggplant soda and the several composite families poisonous plant soda,etc.. And colchicum soda, Changchun spend soda, cigarette soda, eggplant soda,etc. will make the reproduction cell of the animal produce the permanent change, cause the harm of heredity, although this kind of harm is unlikely to influence to be injured individually, but will influence the future generation, the deformity foetus comes because of this promptly.

Therapeutical principle poisonned
Someone even seeks short among the people, will adopt the way to eat poisonous plant to finish oneself, their commonly used plant is rattan, rhizome of Chinese monkshood, elegant jessamine,etc..

The plant is poisonned and generally all belonged to the acute one, poisoners should send off and cure as quickly as possible, let the doctor appraise clinical examination and poisonous substance; Should ask the categorised scholar of plant to help to distinguish arch-criminal plants too, is in the hope of suiting the remedy to the case in case of necessity, get twice the result with half the effort. Clinical examination should include the blood, urine, vomit the thing, stomach to wash out the liquid and leave over the poisonous substance etc., such as confirm department plant is poison, should poison according to poisonous characteristic, entry way, poisoning principle, people and animals of body of plant individual getting peculiar, offer proper treatment. Can also divide it in order to generally treat in treating, respect of using and detoxifying the pharmaceutical to treat and suiting the remedy to the case etc..

(1)Generally treat

　Should regard preventing from or slowing down the absorption of the poisonous substance as primarily, try to remove the toxin that the end is absorbed immediately, or prevent it from changing into metabolite of inertia, the further absorption by reducing the passive object. So the therapeutical step is as follows:

a.Wash: If it is skin surface or mucous membrane to poison the position, can fully wash with the branch water; To the non- water soluble poisonous substance, can select the proper solvent for use. If the toxin of the plant has already been injected in the body, it is unable to wash, can pitch and inject on position closely with the styptic bandage, and run into adrenaline in this place, in order to slow down the speed that the poisonous substance is absorbed.

b.: Wash the stomach: Wash the stomach in order to dilute 4,000 times of potassium permanganate or 0.2.5% of the tannic acid solution or hot salt solution. Let the patient drink 2000Occ cleaner rapidly, then press for and vomit with the finger or other articles, so repeated to go on, until the cleaner vomitting out is clarified, the cleaner that usually needs to use 3000000cc can be cleaned. Certainly can adopt the law of stomach tube to wash the stomach, is meddled in the pipe by the nostril, only should take remaining the food in the stomach out first before washing, in case that hit superman's intestines of poisonous substance. If the patient has already gone into a coma, should avoid washing the stomach; If the person who belongs to strong corrosivity of and the poisonous substance eating people, forbid washing the stomach definitely.

c. Press for and vomit: Patient or for other state than is it at washing stomaching, can is it urge law of vomitting to adopt to suitable foring such as being aforesaid. Let patient invite the potassium permanganate solution of 10000cc under the clothes (dilute 20 times) ,Or copper sulphate, zinc sulfate solution (0.3.5 grams are dissolved in the warm water of 15050cc) ; Can use the tincture of iodine (0.5cc add water 500cc) Let patients take (should irritate the clothes while going into a coma) ,Make its mucous membrane of coat of the stomach stimulated and vomitted. If the patient is conscious, let it can drink 3% salt solution, stimulate with finger mechanical law throat is urging lawing of vomitting most simple and easy and then; If it is difficult for patient not to is it take emetic any to irritate, can adopt hypodermic injection A Piao morphine 5-10 milligrams, can achieve the goal of pressing for and spitting to act as within short time.

d.Lead and rush down: If plant toxin build intestines, in order to discharge rapidly, can adopt and lead the law of rushing down. Let patients take 250% of the sulphuric acid sodium or sulphuric acid magnesium solution, but sulphuric acid magnesium can absorb intestines sometimes, so central inhibition poisoner should not use. In addition, such traditional Chinese medicinal materials as also usable Chinese angelica, rhubarb, licorice root,etc., mix the alum and boil water to take, the result is good.

e.Enema: Usually using the physiological food to supervise water or the suds high pressure to irritate into, the consumption invites 1000cc.

f.Settle the pharmaceutical in use Shenyang: Tannic acid will take shape Shen settle, prevent its passive object from absorbing with some biological soda or heavy metal, and tea contain a large number of tannic acid, let patient drink thick tea, can reach toxin Shen settle the result. Can adopt the tincture of iodine to be taken while adding the warm boiling water in addition, make poisonous plant soda Shen settle, and then with wash stomach law remove.

g.Take and suck the pharmaceutical and protect the pharmaceutical: Gather everybody knows or make known to all, the active charcoal is the fine sucking the pharmaceutical, can suck the poisonous substance on the surface, in order to reduce the quantity absorbed by the alimentary canal, and benefit and wash out the poisonous substance. So generally in is it vomit after finishing to urge, you had better let again patient charcoal 200 of powder under the clothes, in order to remaining toxin discharge stomach.
If meet the plant toxin of corrosivity, should then let the vegetable oil, milk, egg white, soya-bean milk, starch under patient's clothes paste etc. and protect the pharmaceutical first, in order to protect intestines and stomach mucous membrane, and then with is it spit or is it rush down law discharge the poisonous substance rapidly to lead to urge.

h.The infusion arranges the poison: But with physiological salt water, Green liquid glucose physiological salt water, Roek liquid, 5-10% of the glucose 1000000cc go on the infusion, make the internal poisonous substance discharge fast. Can carry on the intravenous injection by 50% of the glucose 6000cc. Generally speaking, to the patient desiccating because of vomitting, putting the dysentery in a large amount, should use the physiological food to supervise water or Green liquid, cooperate with the high thickness glucose liquid; And to besides importing above-mentioned liquid, had better in addition people lactic acid sodium because of patient that acid is poison, in order to correct its acid soda degree.

i.Eliminate with higher speed: Let patients drink a large amount of thick tea, diuretic,etc., discharge in order to accelerate the poisonous substance from the urine; But if the toxin of the plant can be eliminated by the intestines, can use the purgatives, in order to accelerate the getting rid of of poisonous substance.

(2)Use and detoxify the pharmaceutical to treat

　Detoxify pharmaceutical can divide into two, first ' detoxify pharmaceutical generally ', only at understanding kind, chief culprit of plant, use extensively detoxify medicines, it detoxify principle nothing more than oxidize and neutralization. When it is known that the acid is poisonnedding, use such weak soda as the magnesium oxidize emulsion, suds,etc. to neutralize and detoxify, but must guard against letting the patient take with the soda water, in case that produce a large amount of carbon dioxide in the stomach but burst the coat of the stomach. If it is soda that poison, can use acetic acid or citric acid weak acid come neutralization.

　　In oxidizing, mainly use diluting 20 and act as the oxidant to 5,000 times of potassium permanganate solution, destroy the organic matter toxin, and get the result of detoxifying.

Another detoxify pharmaceutical ' specially good effect detoxify pharmaceutical ', must while fixing to the chief culprit plants, can use it, otherwise misapply, will most likely aggravate the condition.

The specially good effect detoxifies the principle of detoxifying of the pharmaceutical can also divide into 3 kinds. The first kind detoxifies the pharmaceutical is combined with the toxin, make the toxin of the plant ineffective, for example the digitalis is poisonned, can utilize and disappear the gallbladder amine detoxifies. The second kind is supersession of accelerating the toxin, do not have poisonous substance quality to make it become, when the cyanogen mixes candy body poisoning, use the sulphur to take the place of the sulphate and detoxify. The third to detoxify pharmaceutical compete with poisonous substance receptor, this kind detoxify method use wider, for example use the physostigmine to treat curare poisoning; Use atropine treat physostigmine poison, sincere and what is called ' combat poison with poison ' even.

(3)Suit the remedy to the case

　When the plant is poisonned, the serious obstacle often happen in the functions of different organs in the people and animals body, must deal with as quickly as possible, can recover. For example become the circulatory system obstacles of blood vessel of weak, blood vessel centre and tip,etc. small, must inject the cardiotonic. The person who drops body temperature, the four limbs of precise friction of usable camphor; Respiratory system at the obstacle, can soda,etc. excited to breathe the centre with coffee, can adopt artificial respiration or input the oxygen law. Excitement and convulsion are adopted in the stupid pharmaceutical of Babbitt of hypodermic injection, or let patients suck a small amount of chloroform. The hernia injects a little morphine while aching; The encephalemia conceals the forehead with the wet towel or first aid comes with bloodletting.

Select one or mix and use after finishing in above-mentioned 3 major kinds of treatment ways, in order to let the patient fully recover as soon as possible, you had better make again blood transfusion, inject glucose, physiological salt water, Lin nutrition supplement of liquid,etc., can also dilute to the residue toxin further so, and discharge outside the body with higher speed; Can excitement whole body function,resume because there aren't liver, make patient unable to recover fast.

The poisonous plant depends on the plant kind classification

[The arbor ] [Bush ] [Wooden rattan one ] [Herbaceous tendril ] [Crawl herbaceously ] [Upright herbaceous ]

[The arbor ] :
1. Sea lemon fruit (poisonous position: The whole one, fruit, kernel have the strongest toxicity)

2. Tung oil tree (Poisonous position: Seed )

3. Fossil fragments wood (Poisonous position: Milk )

4. Green coral (Poisonous position: Milk )

5. Ginkgo (Poisonous position: Plant covers and green embryo outside)

6. Lovesickness tree (Poisonous position: Seed )

7. Silk tree of big leaf (Poisonous position: The pod and seed)
8. Flame tree (Poisonous position: The flower and seed)
9. White a thousand layers (Poisonous position: Pollen)

10. Loquat (Poisonous position: The seed and young leaf )

11. Plum (poisonous position: Ripe fruit and seed)

12. Weeping willow (Poisonous position: The leaf, peel)

[Bush ] :

1. American aloe (Poisonous position: The juice)

2. Soft yellow cicadas (poisonous position: The whole one, milk has the strongest toxicity)

3. Lantana (Poisonous position: The branch and leaf and not ripe fruit are poisonous)

4. Oleander (Poisonous position: The whole one)

5. Horse's hoof flower (Poisonous position: The whole one)

6. Arbor-vitae (flat cypress) (Poisonous position: The branches, leaves are a little poisonous)

7. Su Tie (sago palm) (Poisonous position: The seed)
8. Cuckoo Red (all over the mountain) (Poisonous position: The whole one, flower, leaf toxicity are stronger)

9. Turn into the leaf wood (Poisonous position: Juice of the liquid)

10. Chinese unicorn flower (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, the milk has the strongest toxicity)

11. Red on Christmas (Poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous)

12. Green coral (Poisonous position: Milk)

13. Triangular rattle stick (Poisonous position: Milk)
Fit pomegranates (pomegranate) (Poisonous position: The root, peel)

15. Of Molly (Poisonous position: The root, peel, stem leaf)

16. Safflower datura (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, flower and toxicity of the seed are the strongest)

Jade coral (red coral) (Poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous)

Jin LuHua (Poisonous position: Fruit)
Foreign ball made of strips of silk (hydrangea) (Poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous)

[Wooden rattan one ] :

1. Chicken's mother pearl (jequirity) (Poisonous position: The seed includes the toxoprotein, there is hypertoxicity)

2. Mountain grape (Poisonous position: Fruit)

Four. [Herbaceous tendril ] :

1. Gold Ge (evergreen) (Poisonous position: The juice)

2. Morning glory (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, the toxicity of the seed is stronger)
3. Muskmelon (musk melon) (Poisonous position: The base of a fruit of melon)
4. Climing green fine hair (evergreen) (Poisonous position: The juice)

5. Chinese ivy (Poisonous position: The fruit, seed and leaf)

: Five. [Crawl herbaceously ] :

1. Brake (poisonous position: The blade)

2. Purple silk grass (dayflower) (Poisonous position: The juice)

Six. [Upright herbaceous ] :

1. Wen ZhuLan (poisonous position: The whole one, bulb has the strongest toxicity)

2. Changchun flower (the spring everyday) (Poisonous position: The whole one)
3. Orphan straight flower (morning glory) (Poisonous position: Bulb)

4. Short-tube lycoris (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, flower and toxicity of the bulb are stronger)

5. Daffodil (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, the bulb has the strongest toxicity)

6. Thick rib grass (Guangdong evergreen) (Poisonous position: The whole one)

7. Aunt's old woman's taro (poisonous position: The whole poisonous, with rhizome toxicity relatively heavy)
8. Powder leaf of the black pigment (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, the stem has the strongest toxicity)

9. Sea taro (Poisonous position: Stem tuber, Buddhism flame bud and spadix are poisonous)

10. Malian muscle (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, milk toxicity is strong particularly)

11. Octagonal lotus (Poisonous position: The root, stem)
12. Wrinkled giant hyssop Ji (Poisonous position: The whole one includes hydrocyanic acid and poisonous plant soda)
13. Hyacinth (poisonous position: The whole one, toxicity of bulb is strong particularly)

14. Ivis (violet) (Poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, the rhizome and seed have the strongest toxicity)

15. Acupuncture needle flower (Poisonous position: The leaf and underground bulb are a little poisonous)

16. Purple Molly (cook the flower) (Poisonous position: The root, seed)

17. Cyclamen (Poisonous position: Stem tuber)

18. Taiwan rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Poisonous position: Root tuber)

19. Digitalis (Poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous)

20. Black nightshade (Poisonous position: The fruit is a little poisonous)

21. Potato (poisonous position: The whole one is poisonous, stem tuber and berry toxicity not ripe sprouting are strongest)

22. Grip people's cat (Poisonous position: It is all each for position Mao)

23. Fireball flower (blood lily) (Poisonous position: The bulb includes the poisonous plant soda)